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Even before the beginning of the War in Somalia (2006-2009) there were significant assertions and accusations of the use of disinformation and propaganda tactics, classed as forms of information warfare, by various parties to shape the causes and course of the conflict. These include assertions of falsification of the presence or number of forces involved, exaggeration or minimization of the casualties inflicted or taken, influence or control of media outlets (or shutting them down), and other informational means and media to sway popular support and international opinion. Low literacy rates in Somalia, estimated at between 17% and 19%, also greatly impact the effect of propaganda within the country (see related article on literacy in Somalia). == Claims of propaganda == Referring to the UN Security Council resolution to support IGASOM, a Kenyan diplomat said, "Unfortunately, the () resolution was sponsored by the United States, and it will be used by the Courts as a propaganda tool. But at least there's a window."〔() Washington Post〕 Muslims also were considered to believe US claims of Al Qaeda activity was part of a propaganda campaign waged by Washington: In her most blunt assessment yet, Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs Jendayi Frazer last week accused the Islamic council of being controlled by "East Africa Al Qaeda cell individuals." Al Qaeda, for their part, have not been silent on the issue. On July 1, 2006, a Web-posted audio message purportedly recorded by Osama bin Laden urged Somalis to build an Islamic state in the country, and warned all nations that his al Qaeda network would fight against them if they intervened there.〔(Bin Laden releases Web message on Iraq, Somalia ) USA Today〕 External powers such as Ethiopia and Eritrea have also been accused of propaganda to drum up domestic support for the conflict.〔(Post details: Ethiopia is the play ball of mafia and CIA propaganda ) Nazret.com〕〔(Eritrean government: running out of propaganda tricks ) American Chronicle〕 Eritrea even claims the assertions it has troops involved in Somalia is part of a disinformation campaign being waged against it by Ethiopia.〔(Eritrea: Country Does Not Have Troops in Somalia ) Shabait.com〕 Once the TFG and Ethiopian troops advanced into areas previously controlled by the Islamic Courts Union (ICU), some ICU supporters who saw its defeat were alleged to use media propaganda claiming allegations of rape, robbery and massacre by the Ethiopian troops for the consumption of Human Rights organizations. Most of these media reports were alleged to be transmitted by Shabelle Media Network and other organizations controlled by the Habr Gidir Ayr sub-clan, which was the support base of the ICU.〔(propaganda war during the somalia civil war )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Propaganda in the War in Somalia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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